2021 年 年 12 月英语四级备考 知识点 大全 （短语+ 词汇）
1. 高频 短语 （必背）
black out 用墨涂掉;封锁(新闻) look black 怒视 be to blame 该受责备;应该负责 blow out 吹熄(灯火等) blow over 经过;(云等)吹散 blow one"s top (美)气急败坏;发脾气 blow up 给(轮胎等)打气;爆炸 on board 在船(车、飞机)上 boast of 吹牛，自夸，夸耀 border on 接界;接近，非常像 born of 源于;出生于 both...and...既…又…，不但…而且 be bound to 一定会…，必然… be bound up in 热心于;忙于
be bound up with 与…有密切关系 break down 打破;发生故障;中止 break in 训练;强行进入;打断 break into 闯进;突然…起来 break off (使)折断;中断;断绝 break out (战争等)爆发;逃出 break through 突破，冲垮;突围 break up 打碎;(关系)破裂 catch one"s breath 喘息;屏息 out of breath 喘不过气来 breeze through 轻松地做 in brief 简言之;以简洁的形式 bring about 带来;使(船)掉过头来 bring back 带回来，使恢复 bring down 降低(温度等);使倒下 bring forward 提出(建议等);显示
bring in 收获(庄稼等);生产 bring out 使…显示出来;公布 bring through 救活(病人) bring together 使…团结起来 bring up 教育;提出(供讨论) bring up the rear 走在最后面 brush aside 扫除(障碍等)，无视 build up 树立;逐步建立;增大 burn out 烧坏;烧尽，筋疲力尽 burn up (炉火等)烧旺起来 burst into laughter 突然笑起来 burst out laughing 突然笑起来 on business 因事，因公 mean business 是当真的 be busy with 忙于… but for 倘没有，要不是
button up 扣，扣紧钮扣 buy off 收买 buzz off (俚)急忙离去 by and by 不久以后，将来 by and large 总的来说，大体上 by oneself 单独;独自，自行 by far …得多;最最 call after 追在…的后面叫喊 call back 叫回来，收回(错话等) call for 要求，需要，提倡 call forth 唤起，引起 2. 近义词配对练习
1.Juries that decide civil and criminal cases are not compelled to reveal their reasons for a decision. (A) prepared (B) requested (C) forced
2.In the system of ethics known as utilitarianism, the rightness or wrongness of an action is judged by its consequences. (A)cost (B) necessity (C) results 3.Violet Oakley began her career as an illustrator, but later concentrated on murals and stained glass. (A) relied on (B) focused on (C) invested in 4.The old, reliable company has conservative business methods. (A) reactionary (B) cautious (C) protective 5.Will Rogers, an American humorist and social critic, became famous for his homespun humor and shrewd comments on current events. (A) stories (B) discussions (C) remarks 6.In the early seventeenth century, the Iroquois Confederacy comprised the five nations of Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. (A) undermined (B) depended on (C) consisted of
7.A chemical compound will take a crystalline from only under certain conditions such as freezing or evaporation. (A)recipe (B)formula (C)mixture 答案：
CCBBC CC
详解: :
forced adj.被迫的;强迫的;用力的;不自然的 v.强迫(force 的过去式) I forced him to do it. 我强迫他做这件事。
results n.结果;成绩(result 的复数) v.结果发生;终归(result 的三单形式) Results of the sample must be translated. 取样检查的结果必须附加说明。
focused on
集中于 All eyes were focused on him. 所有的目光都集中在他身上。
cautious adj.谨慎的;十分小心的 He was even more cautious than ever, and did his utmost to win the trust and favour of the superior. 他更加谨小慎微， 兢兢业业， 以尽力取信讨好其上司。
remarks n.评论(remark 的复数);摘要;附注 They bridled up at his remarks. 他们对他的话表示愤怒。
consisted of 由…组成;由…构成;包括 Search workload consisted of one search of the Inbox every 15 minutes for each user.
搜索负载由每个用户每隔 15 分钟对收件箱进行一次搜索产生。
mixture n.混合;混合物;混合剂 Air is a mixture of gases. 空气是多种气体的混合物。
考点归纳：
happen to I happen to have an extra copy. 四级词汇讲解: 该句主要需要注意两个考点，一个是 happen to ，另一个是copy。
※ happen to 表示“刚好”，即意料之外的情况。
如:My friends and I happen to find a new and nice Chinese restaurant.我和朋友们碰巧发现了一家新开张的中餐馆，还不错。
※ an extra copy 给考生带来的困惑主要由 copy 引起。copy通常被当做动词使用，意为“复制”，但它也可以指文字材料——如书籍或笔记等的复印本。因此，本句中的 an extra copy 指的是“额外的一本/份/册”。
英语四级考点归纳：
与 happen to 形式相似的句式 sth.happens to sb.的含义为“某人发生了什么事情”。
如:What happens to your body if you stop smoking right now?要是你现在戒烟的话，你的身体会发生什么变化呢? 考点归纳：
unsocial So I have to work very unsocial hours. 四级词汇讲解: 该句听力的难点在于对 very unsocial hours 的理解。unsocial 本义为“不合群的”，在此指“超过正常工作日的”，因此 unsocial hours 指“非正常工作时间”，该短语前的 very用以加强语气，可理解为“正是，就是”。
英语四级考点归纳: 听力中常见的有关 work 的短语还有: work on 意为“致力于”。
如:I"m working on a new programme.我正忙着做一个新项目。
work out 意为“计算出;理解;锻炼”。
如:Most students can work out the answer。大多数学生都能算出答案。
The theory is too complicated for me to work out.这个理论太复杂了，我无法理解。
I guess I am healthier than her, even though I don"t run or work out.我觉得我比她健康，虽然我不跑步，也不去健身。
3. 翻译常考 7 7 类话题+ + 高频词汇
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历史文化篇 京剧 Peking opera 昆曲 Kunqu opera 中国画 traditional Chinese painting 画像 portrait 山水 landscape 泼墨 splash-ink 毛笔 writing brush 书法 calligraphic art 书法家 calligraphic artist 楷体 formal script/regular script 行书 running script 宋体 Song-dynasty script 手工艺品 handwork/handicrafts 文物 cultural relics/antiques 国宝 national treasure 孔子 Confucius 孟子 Mencius 老子 Lao Zi
儒学 Confucian School 论语 Analects of Confucius 孔庙 Temple of Confucius 故居 Former Residence 少林寺 Shaolin Temple 纸和瓷器 paper and porcelain 火药 gunpowder 印刷术 printing
科举制 Imperial Examination for recruiting civil servants 丝绸之路 the Silk Route 长征 Long March 解放战争 War of Liberation 煮 poach/boiled 蒸 steamed 火锅 chafing dish/hot pot 煲；炖；焖 stewed 煎 pan-fried 炒 stir-fried 炸 deep-fried 烘 baked 熏 smoked
泡辣菜 pickled hot vegetables 北京烤鸭 roast Beijing duck 炒饭 stir-fried rice 油条 deep fried twisted dough stick 饺子 jiaozi 汤圆 tangyuan 馄饨 hundun 烧麦 shaomai 月饼 moon cake 烧饼 sesame seed cake 小笼包 steamed dumpling with pork 红茶 black tea 绿茶 green tea 花茶 jasmine tea 茶道 sado/ tea ceremony 功夫茶 Gongfu tea 陈酒 old wine/aged wine 烧酒 arrack 贰
教育篇 素质教育 education for all-round development 应试教育 exam-oriented education system 义务教育 compulsory education
初等教育 elementary education 中等教育 secondary education 高等教育 higher education 职业教育 vocational education 学院 college/institute/school 普通高校 regular institution of higher learning 重点大学 key university 211 工程 211Project 减轻学生负担 reduce burden for students 基础课 basic course 专业课 course within one’s major 必修课 required course 选修课 elective course 学分制 credit system 入学考试 entrance examination 入学资格 admission qualification 择优录取 merit-based enrollment 中考 senior high school entrance examination 高考 college entrance examination 报名 application/sign up 毕业设计 diploma-winning design/ graduation project 毕业论文 graduation thesis
毕业证书 graduation certificate 同学 schoolmate/classmate 校友 alumni
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交通篇 航班号 flight number 头等舱 first class 商务舱 business class 经济舱 economy class 登机牌 boarding card 口岸 customs port 客船 passenger liner 慢车 stopping train 普快 express 直快 through express 直达列车 through train 特快 special express 高速火车 high-speed train 卧铺车厢 sleeping coach 中铺 middle berth 下铺 lower berth 出发站 departure station 中转站 transfer station
终点站 terminus 到达站 destination 站台 platform 地铁 subway 加速 speed up 减速 slow down 超车 overtaking 倒车 backing 刹车 brake 高速公路 highway 十字路 crossroads 酒后驾驶
driving under the influence of alcohol 疲劳驾驶 fatigue driving 肆
经济篇 宏观经济 macro economy 社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy 知识经济 knowledge economy 网络经济 Internet-based economy 经济规律 law of economy 大规模生产 mass production 生产力 productive forces
生产关系 relations of production 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership 国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 私营企业 private business 民营企业 privately-run business 中小企业 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) 连锁企业 franchise / chain business 国民生产总值 Gross National Product (GNP) 国内生产总值 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 实际增长率 growth rate in real terms 年均增长率 average growth rate per annum 可持续增长 sustainable growth 经济效益 economic returns 投资回报率 rate of return on investment 衰退 recession 宏观调控 macro control 提高经济效益 enhance economic performance 扭亏为盈 turn a loss-making business into a profitable one 优化经济结构 optimize economic structure 扩大内需 expand domestic demand
国计民生 national interest and people’s livelihood 改革开放 reform and opening up 经济特区 special economic zones "十三五规划" the 13th Five-Year Plan for National and Economic and Social Development 风险投资 venture investment 经济繁荣 economic boom 发达国家 developed countries 不发达国家 underdeveloped countries 发展中国家 developing countries 经济交流 economic exchange 跨国公司 multinational corporation 利用外资 utilization of foreign capital 知识产权 intellectual property rights 版权 copyright 专利 patent 商标 trademark 互通有无 mutual exchange of needed products 法治 rule of law 平等互利 equality and mutual benefit 电子商务 e-business 信用卡 credit card
信息时代 information age 科教兴国 rejuvenate the country through science and education 研究开发 research and development 高新技术 innovative and high technology 创新 innovation 尖端科技 state-of-the-art technology 普及率 popularizing rate 伍
地理篇 人民大会堂 Great Hall of the People 故宫博物馆 Palace Museum 长城 the Great Wall 外滩 the Bund 华山 Huashan Mountain 黄山 Yellow Mountain 庐山 Lushan Mountain 滇池 Dianchi Lake 洱海 Erhai lake 黄河 Yellow River 长江 Yangtze River 珠江 Pearl River 太湖 Lake Tai
鄱阳湖 Lake Poyang 洞庭湖 Lake Dongting 青藏高原 Tibet Plateau 东北平原 Northeast China Plain 华北平原 North China Plain 长江中下游平原 Plain of Middle and Lower Reaches of Changjiang River 南沙群岛 Nansha Island
长江三峡 Three Gorges along the Changjiang 黄果树瀑布 Huangguoshu Waterfalls 敦煌莫高窟 Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes 大兴安岭 Greater Xing’an Mountains 小兴安岭 Lesser Xing’an Mountains 天池 Heaven’s Pool 布达拉宫 Potala Palace 日月...
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