摘
要
泰国大部分学校现已开设了汉语课，高中阶段甚至开设有汉语专业，因此为了能够让学生得以继续在大学阶段攻读汉语言有关的专业，泰国国家教育部于 2009 年把汉语归入高考测试的语言之一，即“泰国中文高考 PAT7.4”。
泰国中文高考 PAT7.4 包括汉语语法、中国常识、成语、俗语、拼音等等，称得上是全方面的汉语知识，但是对于外国人来说这些内容往往超出泰国目前学生所能接触到的学校教学内容和范围； 尤其是语法部分，以选择题的形式进行考察，不仅考察的语法点很广，考题的数量也比较多，是本考试占比最大的一部分，可以说是重中之重。
正因为此，本文以“泰国中文高考 PAT7.4 语法选题”为调查分析的对象，通过对往年的真题试卷所出现的语法选题进行统计和分析，归纳出出现过的语言点，及其出现频次；并将这些语言点进行分类，考察其规律性。
本文在试卷调查的基础上，又对泰国有关高中学校的汉语教学进行了了解和观摩，继而对汉语教师进行了一次访谈调查，发现现有的中学汉语教学并不能满足学习者汉语高的需求。
最后，本文在以上调查分析的基础上，结合有关第二语言教学理论的指导思想，提出了改进学校汉语教学的方法和思考，并为泰国汉语学习都汉语高考备考提出了一些建议。希望本论文的研究成果能够一定程度上帮助泰国的汉语教学事业进一步发展。
关键词：中文高考 PAT7.4；语法选题；泰国高中汉语教学
IV Abstract
Currently, most schools in Thailand offer Chinese language courses, and majority of high schools are in the process of opening Chinese-major courses. In order to enable students to continue studying Chinese-language-related majors throughout university, the Ministry of Education has included Chinese as one of the tested languages to be included in the college entrance examination, also known as “The Chinese College Entrance Examination of Thailand, PAT 7.4”.
The Chinese College Entrance Examination of Thailand, PAT 7.4, includes Chinese grammar, Chinese common knowledge, as well as Chinese idioms, proverbs, pinyin, etc. It is said to be a comprehensive test of the Chinese language, but for foreigners, the content of this test is beyond that of which students in Thailand currently have access to within the scope of what is being taught. Multiple choice questions are the preferred method for testing grammar points. This method not only tests a very wide range of grammar points, but also tests a rather large number of questions. For this examination, the grammar portion takes up most of the exam, which also makes it the most important section.
This is precisely why the Chinese College Entrance Examination of Thailand, PAT 7.4, multiple choice grammar questions have been used as the target of analysis for this thesis; and by gathering a statistical analysis of the grammar topics of real examinations in the previous years, a conclusion has been made about the frequency of each of the language points. All the language points will be classified and assessed according to their regularity.
Based on the examination survey conducted, this thesis also gathered information by surveying and inspecting Chinese teaching practices in Thailand’s high schools, and by consulting the respective Chinese teachers, a conclusion was gathered regarding the disparity between what was taught and what was on the examination.
Lastly, on the basis of the above investigation and analysis, and combined with the guiding principles of the Second Language Teaching Theory, this paper puts forth some methods to improve Chinese teaching within schools, make some suggestions for the PAT7.4 examination, and interview the teachers’ views on the PAT7.4. It is hoped that the research results of this paper will play an important role in the field of Chinese language acquisition education in Thailand.
Key Words: The Chinese College Entrance Examination of Thailand, PAT 7.4; multiple choice grammar questions; Chinese teaching in Thailand High Schools
V 目录 1 绪论……………………………………………………………………………1 1.1 选题缘由和意义 …………………………………………………………… 1 1.2 研究方法和目标 …………………………………………………………… 2 1.3 相关研究现状 …………………………………………………………….. 3 2 泰国中文高考 PAT7.4 的简介…………………………………...………….. 5
2.1 PAT7.4 泰国中文高考的重要性…………………………………………………….5 2.2 PAT7.4 泰国中文高考的考试内容………………………………………………….6 2.3 PAT7.4 泰国中文高考的方法及其作用…………………………………………….6 3 泰国中文高考 PAT7.4 语法选题统计与分析 …………………………………….14
3.1 历年 PAT7.4 语法选题语言点统计………………………………………………...14 3.2 泰国中文高考语法选题的考察重点……………………………………………….25 3.3 泰国中文高考语法选题的考察难点……………………………………………….26 4 语法教学情况调查及建议 ………………………………………………..…………..30
4.1 泰国高中汉语教师访谈调查……………………………………………………......30 4.2 泰国高中学生汉语学习存在的问题和解决策略 …………………………….. 32 4.3 泰国中文高考 PAT7.4 备考建议........................................................................33 结语 ..............................................................................................................................35
参考文献 .....................................................................................................................36
附录 ..............................................................................................................................37 附录 A 泰国中文高考(PAT7.4)语法点考题.....................................................................37 附录 B 访谈汉语教师提纲..............................................................................................58
VI Contents
1.Introduction .............................................................................................................1
1.1 Topic origin and significance...............................................................................1
1.2 Research methods and objectives........................................................................2 1.3 Related research status.......................................................................................3
2. A brief introduction of the Chinese College Entrance Examination of Thailand, PAT7.4 .................................................................................................5
2.1 Importance of the Chinese College Entrance Examination of Thailand,
PAT7.4...................................................................................................................5 2.2 Content of the Chinese College Entrance Examination of Thailand,
PAT7.4...................................................................................................................6 2.3 Methods and impact of those methods used on the Chinese College Entrance Examination of Thailand, PAT7.4.....................................................................................................................6
3. Statistical analysis of multiple-choice grammar questions on the Chinese College Entrance Examination of Thailand, PAT7.4 ......................................14
3.1 Statistics of the multiple-choice grammar topics of PAT7.4
over the years..........................................................................................................14 3.2 Investigation of the focal points of multiple-choice grammar topics on the Chinese College Entrance Examination of Thailand..............................................................25 3.3 Investigation of the difficult multiple-choice grammar questions on the Chinese College Entrance Examination of Thailand..............................................................26 4. Investigation and suggestions on the teaching of grammar ...........................30
4.1 Interview of Thailand’s high school Chinese teachers..........................................30 4.2 Problems and solving strategies for high school students in thailand....................32 4.3 Suggestions for those preparing for the Chinese College Entrance Examination,
PAT7.4......................................................................................................................33
VII 5 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................35
Reference ...............................................................................................................................36
Appendix ...............................................................................................................................37
绪论
1 1 绪论
1 1.1 选题缘由和研究意义
笔者选择编写关于泰国中文高考 PAT7.4 语法选题研究及其分析相关的题目是因为自己对 PAT7.4 语言测试语法部分有浓厚兴趣，而且通过笔者亲身体验过这门考试，发现PAT7.4 考题还存在着很多问题，比如：考题不符合学生的水平；考试的结构也没有分得清楚，导致学生无法获得高分的成绩；此外只依靠课堂上的教学也不能使学生做 PAT7.4 考题，因为考试的范围比较广，难度相当于高级阶段的水平。
以上的问题使笔者决定选择 PAT7.4 语言测试语法选题作为研究方向，即“泰国中文高考 PAT7.4 语法选题研究及其分析”主要是本论文的研究与分析的成果得以帮助高中学生与汉语教师在进行辅导这门语言测试的过程中掌握到更具体的内容。“由于以前笔者当过学生，所以才了解学生准备参加考试的感受”。
世界上的每一个语言都有语法，因为“语法”可谓是语言中最重要的单位之一。如果把语法与人类的身体进行对比，语法就像人类的心脑，它是身体不可或缺的部位，控制了人体的动作、思想，在语言当中语法也如此把语言的其他部分连接在一起，它能让人与人之间易于交流，并且能把说出来的话、写出来的句子变得更完整。汉语里的生词、句式、成语都有本身的语法功能，进行交际的时候，如果缺少语法或者使用得不正当就会导致影响交际的后果。
PAT7.4 泰国中文高考试卷里也出现语法考题，而且语法考题占比试卷最多的一部分，可最大的问题不是考题的数量，而在于这些语法内容都超出高中学生的水平。虽然有的学生在高中阶段是汉语专业，可是他们并没有接触到足够的语法知识，更严重的是他们学习的汉语尚未达到高考所要求的水平，此外在学习汉语的过程中教师没有重视语法方面，只给学生教简单的词语、日常生活中的对话，导致学生不知道汉语的量词、连词、重叠法、句式，包括一些特殊语法结构及专业的语法内容，所以高中学生在三年学习汉语只能学到汉语皮毛。另一个最明显的问题是开设汉语课程的学校使用的教材都不一样，有的学校是教师自己编辑、有的学校使用中国出版的教材，这个问题也是导致学生无法获得理想的成绩之一，因此才使大部分学生决定去校外的补习班，甚至自己寻找课外的教材来提高自己
绪论
2 的汉语水平。据说这个问题一直是泰国...
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